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Item DETERMINANTS OF DEFERMENT OF STUDIES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN GRETSA UNIVERSITY, THIKA SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2024-07) KIOKO, IREEN MUTHEUThe case of deferment of studies among students at Gretsa University has increased at a very alarming rate in the last 2 years. The study assessed the determinants of deferment the objectives being: to investigate the influence of financial constraints on students' decision to defer their studies, to evaluate the impact of health issues on students at Gretsa University's decision to defer their studies, and to determine the connection between students’ choice to defer their studies and early pregnancy. The study employed a mixed-methods research design. The target population was be 40 students from different schools in the institution and 10 administrative staff, a total sample of 50 respondents was used. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and was to be analyzed using descriptive statistics that is pie charts, frequency distribution tables, and graphs. Financial constraint was found to be the major determinant of studies deferment and it can be curbed in various ways including students taking part in online jobs like freelancing to earn some extra money. On health issues parents ought to make sure their children are under a medical cover such as NHIF in case of any health emergency. The study can be replicated in determining reasons for deferment of studies among students in other universities in KenyaItem THE ROLE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN SCHOOLS IN FOSTERING SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND ENHANCING LEARNING OUTCOMES: A CASE OF GRETSA UNIVERSITY, THIKA SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA.(Gretsa University, 2024-10) OMOLO, VICTOR; MORAA, OLPHA; MAKASI, PHYLLIS; ORONJE, ISAACThis study aimed to discuss the effects of cultural diversity on social integration and learning outcome among college students at Gretsa University in Thika in Kiambu County in Kenya. The university had a huge population of more than 1,000 diverse students, and so it formed an excellent context to talk about the role of cultural differences on the student experiences. The role of cultural diversity in higher education has been gaining more and more importance, and though it is accepted specifically with regard to its role in social integration and academic performance, there are still gaps in understanding the kinds and the extent of its impact. The purpose of the research is to study the way cultural diversity affects the social integration and learning outcomes based on the descriptive survey research design by conducting a survey with 90 surveyed participants. The specific objectives included assessing students' perceptions of cultural diversity in which 70% of respondents indicated the university manages cultural diversity while 20% indicated a lack of awareness and 10% were unsure about their existence , measuring the level of social integration in which 88.9% of the respondents agreed that cultural diversity positively impacts their social interactions , citing opportunities to form intercultural friendships and participate in multicultural activities while 11.1% disagreed by noting challenges like language barriers which may hind integration , and exploring the relationship between cultural diversity and academic success in which about 40% of respondents reported that cultural diversity enhances their academic experiences by exposing them to diverse perspectives while 30% of respondents stated that cultural diversity fosters active participation in class discussions and campus activities, enriching their learning their learning experience and building stronger social connections and 30% of respondents emphasized that exposure to diverse viewpoints improves their ability to analyze information critically and solve problems from multiple perspectives . According to the hypothesis of the study, it was possible to assume that the more culturally diverse a population is, the more socially integrated it is and the better its academic outcomes. To achieve these goals, the questionnaire was spread among 100 students, chosen by means of a simple random sampling method. Data analysis was performed in a descriptive and inferential statistics methodology to obtain trends and relations of variables and thematic analysis was used to obtain any qualitative aspects. The study was meant to contribute to the knowledge body of cultural diversity in higher education by contributing some practical suggestions that can be used to stimulate social integration learning experiences at Gretsa university.Item Item Item Item SOLID WASTE MINIMIZATION PRACTICES IN KIGANJO, THIKA SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-07) GICHAGA, JOHN; WAWIRA, NIVERATA; NGITHI, MARY; KIRUI, KENNETHThis study investigated waste minimization practices in Kiganjo, in response to the growing environmental and health concerns associated with solid waste management. Guided by Fisher et al. formula, data was obtained from a minimum sample size of 384 residents at Kiganjo area of Kiambu County. This study adopted a descriptively research design and inferentially using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Analytical findings indicted a significant positive relationship between waste segregation and waste minimization (r = 0.436; p < 0.01). Major types of wastes segregated were organic waste (25.1%), glass (23.1%), plastics (22.4%), paper and cardboard (18%), and metal (11.5%). The most cited motivation was awareness of environmental impact, reported by 27.8% of the participants while community pressure or social norms (14.2%) had the least impacts implying that peer influence is not a major driver in this area. There was a significance positive relationship between waste recycling and waste minimization (r=0.695; p<0.01). Major types of recycled waste were paper (28.5%), plastics (20.4 %), glass (17.9%), metal (17.2%) and clothing or textiles at 16.1%. The leading motivation was the economic savings (e.g. selling recyclables), accounting for 31.3% of the responses and social or community responsibility (8.6%) were the least. There was a positive relationship between proper housekeeping and waste minimization (r=0.281; p<0.01. However, majority of the respondents (73.7%) reported that they do not reuse materials from proper housekeeping while only (26.3%) indicated that they do. The study concluded that waste minimization practices were influenced by awareness of environmental impact, local government initiatives and campaigns, availability of waste segregation bins, community pressure or social norms and personal habits or preferences. The study recommended provision of bins for public use, creation of public awareness on the importance and method of waste separation, establishment of community recycling stations and linking them to waste collectors and processorsItem INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT STYLES ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT LEVELS IN THE WORKPLACE: A CASE OF SAGRET AND HERON HOTELS, NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-08) MUTHOKI, STEPHANIE MUTUAEmployee commitment plays a crucial role in ensuring the long-term sustainability and success of hospitality organizations. This research investigated the effect of various management styles transformational, transactional, and democratic on employee commitment at Sagret Hotel and Heron Hotels in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was anchored on Transformational Leadership Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, which highlight the link between leadership behaviors and motivation. A descriptive research design was adopted, and a sample size of 108 employees was selected through stratified random sampling across management, supervisory, and operational levels. Structured questionnaires were used for primary data collection, while secondary data came from literature reviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS software through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed a strong and positive correlation between transformational leadership and employee commitment, especially in enhancing emotional attachment and motivation. Democratic leadership also showed a positive influence by fostering a sense of participation and shared responsibility among staff. On the other hand, transactional leadership, while useful for maintaining order and rewarding performance, was linked more to short-term compliance than genuine commitment. The results confirmed that 62.9% of the variance in employee commitment could be explained by the three management styles. Transformational leadership had the highest impact (β = 0.458), followed by transactional (β = 0.305) and democratic leadership (β = 0.191). These findings emphasize that leadership style significantly shapes employee motivation, job satisfaction, and retention. The study concluded that hotel managers should adopt more inclusive and empowering leadership approaches. It recommends leadership development programs and a positive work environment that nurtures loyalty. Further research is advised on the long-term effects of hybrid management styles within the hospitality industry.Item EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON EMPLOYEE JOB SECURITY IN RADISSON BLU HOTEL, NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-09) MUCINA, MARGRET NYAMBURAThe hospitality industry has increasingly embraced technological innovations to improve efficiency, reduce operational costs, and enhance customer experience. However, this adoption also raises concerns regarding its impact on employee job security. This study investigated the effects of technology adoption on employee job security at Radisson Blu Hotel, Nairobi County, Kenya. The research focused on four key technologies: online booking systems, mobile applications, property management systems (PMS), and chatbots/virtual assistants. A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 400 employees, with a stratified random sample ensuring departmental representation. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including Pearson’s correlation. Findings revealed a nuanced relationship between technology adoption and job security. Online booking systems showed a weak but significant positive correlation with job security, indicating that employees who viewed them as efficient felt more secure. Mobile applications and contactless services demonstrated a weak negative correlation, highlighting concerns among frontline staff whose tasks are increasingly automated. PMS adoption, despite descriptive concerns about redundancy, had no statistically significant effect, suggesting that organizational strategies and training may mitigate perceived threats. Chatbots and virtual assistants revealed the strongest and most significant negative correlation, as they directly substitute human roles in communication and problem-solving. The study concludes that while technology adoption poses risks of job displacement, its ultimate impact is largely determined by organizational responses, including employee training, role redesign, and communication strategies. Recommendations include the implementation of continuous upskilling programs, inclusive change management, and policy frameworks that balance efficiency with employee welfare. The research contributes to the broader discourse on the future of work in the hospitality sector, particularly in developing economies like Kenya, where technological advancements coexist with high unemployment ratesItem INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THIKA SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) ODONGO, BAILEY; MUENI, JACKLINE; KIBANYA, JOSEPHINE; ISAAC, ANDERSONInfrastructure in the education sector is very important in learners‟ academic performance. The study investigated the impacts of school infrastructure on academic performance of secondary school students in Thika sub county, Kiambu county. The objectives of the study were to investigate how the quality of physical and technological infrastructure affect academic performance of secondary school students. The theory used was Tintos theory. This study used descriptive survey design and collected data using questionnaires from the sampled respondents. The data was analyzed and presented using tables. The study established that good infrastructure positively impacted students‟ academic performance. The study encouraged the stakeholders to invest in suitable physical and technological infrastructure in secondary schools to promote good academic performance.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE SECURITY ISSUES ARISING FROM ADOPTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING: A CASE OF KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY, THIKA BRANCH, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) GATHONI, MERCY KINYUNYECloud computing is playing a major role in transforming Kenya’s public sector, helping institutions like the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) improve efficiency and deliver better services. But with this shift comes serious security concerns such as data breaches, insider threats, and challenges around regulatory compliance. This study explores these issues at KRA’s Thika branch, focusing on three key areas: how well the organization complies with industry security standards, how it handles insider threats, and how effective its employee training and awareness programs are. Using a descriptive research design, data was gathered from 97 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and regression models. The results showed strong positive links between all three factors and how cloud security risks are perceived—compliance (R² = 0.888), insider threats (R² = 0.920), and training awareness (R² = 0.912) all had a significant impact. Spearman’s correlation and Chi-Square tests backed up these findings, leading to the rejection of all null hypotheses. The study concludes that strong compliance practices, proactive strategies to manage internal threats, and continuous employee training and awareness are essential for secure cloud adoption. It recommends regular audits, automated monitoring tools, and collaboration across departments to help protect sensitive data and build a more resilient organization.Item EFFECTS OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS ON ACCESS TO EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THIKA SUBCOUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) MITCHELLE RAEL; BEATRICE MUTHON; DANIEL LEDAMAThis study examines how parental socioeconomic status (SES) affects the availability of educational resources for high school students in Thika Sub-County. It examines how disparities in family income and parental education levels lead to differences in students’ access to crucial learning resources and facilities, thereby affecting their academic outcomes and future prospects. The research had the objective of Investigating how parental income influences students’ access to educational resources. Evaluating the impact of parents' education levels on the availability of learning resources and infrastructure and lastly to recognize the differences in resource access for students from varying economic backgrounds. Data were collected via questionnaires distributed to a diverse sample of students and parents from various high schools in Thika Sub-County, using a descriptive survey design. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in the analysis to reveal connections between SES factors and resource availability. The results uncovered substantial inequalities in access to educational resources correlated with SES. Students hailing from families of higher socioeconomic status and better-educated parents enjoyed greater access to essential learning resources like textbooks, technology, and extracurricular activities than those from families of lower income. It was discovered that these disparities contributed to variations in academic performance and future opportunities. The results highlight the necessity for focused policies to deal with inequities in access to educational resources. Among the recommendations are greater financial support for schools in low-income areas, offering subsidized educational resources, and establishing initiatives aimed at helping students from underprivileged backgrounds. The goal of such measures is to promote fair educational opportunities and improve academic results regardless of socioeconomic statusItem MITIGATING NOISE FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ON STUDENT'S PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN THIKA SUB-COUNTY KIAMBU COUNTY KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) KENYATTA, DANCANThe study aims to investigate the impact of noise reduction strategies on improving the learning and overall learning of secondary school students in Thika, kiambu county, kenya, and their impact on the learning environment. A Cross - sectional study design was used to select sample from the target population of primary school students, teachers, parents and administrators in the Thika subcounty. A stratified random sampling was employed to select the sample. Results show that teachers are effective implementing noise control strategies and keeping classrooms quiet, helping to create a better learning environment in secondary schools. However, teachers were not able to effectively reduce noise levels in the classrooms. The results also showed that the introduction of noise control policies and noise testing are the most effective strategies for mitigating noise within secondary schools in the district. The study provides valuable insight and benefits to many stakeholders on the educational situation in this particular educational setting, highlighting the need for comprehensive research on this matter beyond specific regions or locales. This research embarks on an exploration of the multifaceted issue of noise pollution in secondary school environments and its implications for academic performance of students.The research explores impact of noise on students performance in secondary school within Thika sub-county, kiambu county kenya. It evaluates the effectiveness of various noise mitigation strategies including noise control policies, soundproofing measures and teacher training in noise management.Schools with well -defined noise control policies saw a significant reduction in noise levels 71.42%. Schools with strict adherence to noise control policies reported significant improvement in student performance.The schools had invested in soundproofing classrooms. They schools reported a marked decrease in noise levels during teaching. Schools reported that while soundproofing was effective, the cost were a barrier to widespread implementation. Also schools had the budget to implement compressive soundproofing measures.Schools provided training programs for teachers on noise management techniques. Teachers who received training were more development at managing classroom noise, leading to a significant improvement in student focus and participation and equipped to handle noise - related disruption contributing to a better overall learning environment.Item CHALLENGES FACING DIGITAL LEARNING IN UNIVERSITIES IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) NASEI, MERCY; CHERUTO, BRILLIANT; KEMUNTO, PHIBIAN; CHEPKOECH, MERCYDigital knowledge has developed as a vital component of higher education, particularly in the wake of technological advancements and disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. However, universities in Kiambu County, Kenya, face significant challenges in implementing effective digital learning systems. The study aims to identify and analyze these challenges, focusing on technical challenges, financial constraints, and content coverage and deleverage. This will be through questionnaire interviews to gather information from the institutional university students, lecturers, and IT staff in selected universities in Kiambu County. Major findings suggest that insufficient internet access, restricted availability of digital devices, and insufficient training for educators are major barriers to successful digital learning implementation. The research underscores the need for target interventions, including investment in digital infrastructure capacity-building programs and inclusive policy frameworks to enhance digital learning in higher education. These findings provide a foundation for policymakers and university administrators to address the digital gap and improve education quality in Kiambu CountyItem CHALLENGES OF COMPUTERIZING AND SECURING COUNTY GOVERNMENTS RECORDS A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF KERICHO COUNTY(Gretsa University, 2025-10) KIPNGENO, RONYThis study examined the challenges faced by Kericho County in computerizing and securing its records. The research aimed to identify the specific obstacles, constraints, and complexities encountered during the transition from paper-based record-keeping systems to digital platforms within the county government context. The study adopted a qualitative research approach to gain in-depth insights into the challenges and provided recommendations for improvement. The study was guided by the following objectives: (1) to identify the specific challenges faced by Kericho County in the computerization of its records, (2) to explore the challenges related to the security of county governments’ records in the digital environment, (3) to investigate the impact of these challenges on county government operations and service delivery, and (4) to provide recommendations and insights for improving the computerization and security of records in county governments. The literature review revealed gaps in the existing literature, particularly in understanding the challenges specific to county governments and the security aspects of digital record management. The study addressed these gaps by conducting interviews and focus groups with relevant stakeholders in Kericho County. The data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to the challenges faced by the county government. The findings of this study contributed to the existing body of knowledge on record management in county governments. It provided valuable insights into the practical difficulties, resource constraints, technological limitations, and organizational barriers encountered during the computerization process. Additionally, the study shed light on the security challenges, vulnerabilities, and potential cyber threats faced by county governments in the digital environment. By addressing the identified gaps and providing actionable recommendations, this study aimed to improve governance, service delivery, and data security in county governments. The findings were of value to policymakers, county officials, and other stakeholders involved in the computerization and secure management of records.Item FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREER CHOICE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KERICHO COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) KIPNGENO, EVANCE LIMOChoosing a career remains one of the most challenging decisions for secondary school students, as it significantly influences their future livelihood, identity, and success. In Kenya, despite government initiatives such as career guidebooks and counseling programs, many students continue to make ill-informed choices, often leading to dissatisfaction, mismatched skills, and unemployment. The problem arises from limited guidance, parental pressure, peer influence, and inadequate teacher involvement in career mentoring. l students in Kericho County, focusing on family background, peer influence, and teachers’ guidance. The research targeting 300 students, 90 teachers, and 150 parents, selected through random sampling. Questionnaires and interviews were used descriptive statistics, percentages, and charts. family influence played the most significant role in shaping students’ career decisions, as parents often provided guidance and acted as role models. Peer influence was found to be the least significant factor, proportion of students admitting that they considered their friends’ choices. Teacher influence had a moderate impact, mainly through advice and mentorship, though the absence of updated career guidebooks limited their effectiveness. The study concludes that career choice is a multifaceted process shaped by parental advice, teacher guidance, and, to a lesser extent, peer pressure. The study recommends strengthening career counseling programs in schools, updating career handbooks, and engaging parents through sensitization forums to reduce undue pressure on students. Further, teachers should be trained and supported to provide effective career guidance. The findings are significant to policymakers, educators, parents, and students in promoting informed career decision-making and reducing mismatches in the labor marketItem EFFECT OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE OF KAPROLEM SACCO IN BARINGO COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) ROBERT KOMEN KIPROPThis research meticulously explored the ascendancy of work life balance on employee productivity within Kaprolem SACCO, Baringo County, Kenya. In today’s increasingly competitive and fast-paced organizational ecosystem, maintaining equilibrium between occupational commitments and personal well-being has become a strategic determinant of workforce efficiency and institutional sustainability. The investigation was anchored on three primary objectives: to analyze the effect of flexible working arrangements on productivity, to assess the extent to which job stress management influences performance, and to examine the impact of organizational support systems on employees’ overall productivity.A descriptive research design was adopted, encompassing a target population of 100 employees across various operational departments within the SACCO. Baseline information was retrieved using structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analysis. The schorlary work outcomes indicated that flexible work arrangements, such as adaptable schedules and autonomy in task execution, significantly enhance productivity by fostering motivation, reducing fatigue, and improving time management. Similarly, effective stress management frameworks were observed to mitigate occupational strain, curtail burnout, and promote concentration. Moreover, organizational support systems—such as welfare initiatives, career progression opportunities, and empathetic leadership—were found to substantially augment employee morale, loyalty, and efficiency.The study concluded that work–life balance constitutes an indispensable pillar of organizational performance within the SACCO sector. It accentuated that employees who experience congruence between their professional and personal spheres tend to exhibit heightened commitment, satisfaction, and output. Consequently, the schorlarly work recommended that management should institutionalize flexible work policies, strengthen stress management programs, and reinforce support mechanisms that prioritize employee welfare. These reforms are cardinal to cultivating a resilient, motivated, and productive workforce capable of driving institutional excellence.Furthermore, the study proposed that future scholarly inquiries should extend beyond Kaprolem SACCO to incorporate a wider range of financial institutions across Kenya. Subsequent research could also integrate moderating variables such as leadership style, digital work tools, and employee engagement to provide a more holistic comprehension of work–life balance dynamics in emerging organizational contexts.Item FACTORS INFLUENCING ADULT EDUCATION ENROLLEMENT IN THIKA SUB COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) OUMA, FALDO OMONDI; AKEYO, AZENATH; KIBUI, MARGARET NYAMBURA; NG’ETHE, GRACEThe study’s purpose was to investigate factors influencing enrolmrnt in adult education in Thika subcounty, kiambu county. The study objectives were to study the prevalence of adult education and to study factors influencing enrolment. The target population for this study consisted of 110 respondents where 80 learners participated and 30 teachers also participated. The research methodology used was descriptive survey design. The sample was selected randomly, the study incooperated use of questionnaires which were structured into close ended questionnaires. Data was annalysed using statistical package for social science(SPSS) through descriptive statistical technique .qualitative was categorized and presented in emergent themes and hence the findings presents using tables. The findings revealed the factors such as time availability, cost of education and family support had a great impact on enrolment in adult education centersItem THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS' LITERACY SKILLS IN GRETSA UNIVERSITY THIKA SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) MUSEE, DICKSON; MUMO, DANIEL; MUNENE, KENNEDY; MATUKU, DOMINICSocial media has become an integral part of learners' lives, transforming communication and learning. This inquiry examines the influence of social media on literacy skills among learners at Gretsa campus, Thika Sub-County, Kiambu County, Kenya. Specifically, it investigates how platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok influence vocabulary, spelling, grammar, and reading comprehension. Using a descriptive inquiry design, information will be collected from a 10% sample of the campus's student population through questionnaires. Guided by theories such as Social Learning Theory and Media Richness Theory, the inquiry explored both positive and negative effects of social media use. Preliminary outcomes suggest that while social media fosters creativity and audience awareness, its informal language may hinder academic writing and comprehension. By analyzing these dynamics, the inquiry aims to provide valuable insights for educators, learners, policymakers, and researchers to strike a balance between leveraging social media benefits and mitigating its drawbacks. The inquiry's outcomes will contribute to academic discourse on digital literacy and propose strategies for enhancing literacy skills in the context of increasing social media engagement. Ethical considerations and reliability measures ensure the credibility of the outcomes, making this inquiry a meaningful addition to understanding the relationship between social media and literacyItem INFLUENCE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PRACTICES ON CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AT RADISSON BLU HOTEL, NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA(Gretsa University, 2025-10) ACHIENG’, EMMAThe objective of this study was to examine the influence of sustainable tourism practices on customer experience at the Radisson Blu Hotel, Nairobi. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data was collected using structured, closed-ended questionnaires distributed to 92 hotel guests. Out of these, 70 completed questionnaires were returned, yielding a 76% response rate. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including Pearson correlation analysis. To assess how sustainable practices influenced customer experience, the study focused on four core areas: guest education and engagement, waste management, water conservation, and energy conservation. The findings revealed that 85% of guests had a positive experience linked to guest education and engagement programs, while 75% were satisfied with waste management initiatives. Similarly, 80% of respondents appreciated the hotel’s efforts in both water and energy conservation. Inferential analysis indicated that all four sustainable tourism practices had statistically significant and positive correlations with customer experience (guest education and engagement: r = .644, p < .001; waste management: r = .383, p = .001; water conservation: r = .462, p < .001; energy conservation: r = .521, p < .001). The results demonstrated that sustainable tourism practices significantly enhance customer experience and satisfaction. The study contributes to academic literature by confirming the positive role of sustainability in hospitality and provides practical recommendations for hotel managers to invest in guest-centric sustainability programs. These insights are particularly relevant for hotels seeking to enhance customer loyalty, promote environmental responsibility, and maintain a competitive edge in the tourism industry.Item SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE HIGH RATE OF BOYCHILD DROPOUT IN PUBLIC DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS, KIHARA, KIAMBAA SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY.(Gretsa University, 2025-10) MUTHONI, MARY; LINAH, ROSEMARY; KIBET, ESTHERThis research explored the socio-economic causes of school dropout among boys from government day secondary schools, with emphasis on Kihara Location in Kiambaa Sub-County, Kiambu County, Kenya. The rate of dropout of boy child in the Kenyan day schools has been high in the last few years. Despite policy changes aimed at enhancing the retention rate, boys still face different socio-economic issues, which hinder their learning process. This study aimed at exploring the underlying socio-economic reasons that lead to boy child dropout and determining its underlying impacts through participation in schools. The research also sought to suggest viable methods for enhancing retention. A descriptive survey was adopted, and information recorded in the form of questionnaires which was distributed to students and teachers, interviews were also conducted with the school principal. Analysis of the results indicated a number of important factors. Low household income and poverty forced many boys to work in tea and coffee farms, which consumed much time and energy to attend school. Peer pressure also came out as a strong candidate, and in most cases, it draws the boys into unproductive activities, and they end up not caring about education. Students who had a disadvantaged background would have lead to child labour derailing their education. Also, there was cultural pressure which put boys to earlier responsibilities, urging them to think of school as a secondary priority. This study revealed that there should be an intensified school-based counselling program, bursaries and meals should be given to the at-risk students, and there is a need to start a mentorship programs done together with the local communities. The study also sought to increase partnerships between schools, government, and non-profit organisations to ensure that boys are helped not only in school but also in society. Lastly, it encouraged the review of the existing education policies towards representing the unique demands of boys more accurately in pursuit of equality and a brighter future for young men in Kihara Location and the rest of the country.
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