The phenomenon of poor performance among students in Isiolo North secondary schools, Isiolo County has emerged as a critical concern, demanding a comprehensive investigation into its root causes. The research in this study is to investigate on the factors for poor performance in the KCSE among secondary school students. Through an extensive review of literature and empirical research, this abstract seeks to shed light on the myriad complexities surrounding this issue. The following objectives guides the research on this study: to understand the underlying factors contributing to poor KCSE performance, which may include educational, environmental or socio economic factors by identifying the root causes, improve teacher training and professional development programs to enhance instructional quality and student engagement, to evaluate the availability and accessibility of educational resources such as textbooks, learning materials, libraries and technology in Isiolo North Secondary schools. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analyses of academic records with qualitative insights gathered through interviews and surveys. This research seeks to contribute to the discourse on educational reform by providing a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of poor performance in secondary schools. By recognizing and addressing the diverse array of challenges faced by students and educators, it aspires to pave the way for targeted interventions and policy measures aimed at fostering a conducive learning environment for all.