Abstract:
The increase in levels of psychological distress among
adolescents due to different factors are alarming, however since
most adolescents are attending school. This study worked to
establish the relationship between academic expectations and
psychological distress experienced by adolescents in private
secondary schools in Nairobi County Kenya. Specific objective
was to determine if teachers’ academic expectations contribute to
psychological distress among adolescents in private secondary
schools in Nairobi County. Ecological Systems Theory founded
by Urie Bronfen brenner in 1979 and General Strain Theory
founded by Robert Agnew in 1992 anchored the study. A
convergent parallel mixed method design was adopted, which
involved descriptive survey and phenomenological methods for
quantitative and qualitative enquiries respectively. A total
sample of 387 respondents from 28 private secondary schools
was used which included 380 students and 7 guidance and
counseling teachers sampled through simple random,
proportionate, and purposive sampling techniques. Data was
collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.
Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and
inferential analysis specifically chi-square and correlation using
SPSS version 22 .The qualitative data from guidance and
counseling teachers was analyzed using content analysis. The
results were then presented using tables for quantitative data,
and data collected through semi-structured interviews was
presented through quotes and narrative descriptions. The
findings showed that adolescents experienced academic
expectations from teachers. Teachers’ academic expectation was
significantly influenced by age and mothers’ educational level. In
relation to psychological distress, teachers’ academic
expectations had a weak positive relationship with anxiety, stress
and depression symptoms.
Key Words: Academic expectation, psychological distress